Mon Oct 06 09:32:46 UTC 2025: Okay, here’s a news article summarizing the provided text, written from the perspective of The Hindu:

**The Hindu: Nobel Prize in Medicine Awarded to Trio for Immune System Breakthroughs**

**October 7, 2025, 11:04 AM IST**

New Delhi: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Mary E. Brunkow (US), Fred Ramsdell (US), and Shimon Sakaguchi (Japan) for their groundbreaking discoveries concerning the human immune system and the critical role of “peripheral immune tolerance.” Their research has significantly advanced the understanding of how the immune system distinguishes between healthy cells and harmful invaders, paving the way for innovative treatments for cancer, autoimmune diseases, and potentially, more successful organ transplantations.

The Nobel Committee announced the award on Monday, highlighting the laureates’ identification of regulatory T cells, which act as “security guards” within the immune system, preventing it from attacking the body’s own tissues. Shimon Sakaguchi’s initial discovery in 1995 challenged the prevailing view of immune tolerance, demonstrating a more complex system involving a previously unknown class of immune cells. Later work by Mary Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell in 2001 identified the Foxp3 gene, a critical component in the development of autoimmune diseases, which was later linked to regulatory T cells by Sakaguchi.

“Their discoveries have been decisive for our understanding of how the immune system functions and why we do not all develop serious autoimmune diseases,” said Olle Kämpe, chair of the Nobel Committee.

The laureates’ work has led to the development of novel medical treatments targeting cancer and autoimmune disorders, many of which are currently undergoing clinical trials. The research offers hope for more effective therapies in the future, including advancements in organ transplantation.

At the time of their discoveries, Dr. Ramsdell was affiliated with Sonoma Biotherapeutics (US), Dr. Brunkow with the Institute for Systems Biology (US), and Dr. Sakaguchi with Osaka University (Japan). They will share the 11 million Swedish kronor (₹1.03 crore) prize money.

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