Wed Feb 19 05:22:49 UTC 2025: ## Ganga, Yamuna Rivers Contaminated During Maha Kumbh: NGT Raises Alarm

**Prayagraj, India** – The National Green Tribunal (NGT) has expressed serious concern over dangerously high levels of fecal coliform bacteria in the Ganga and Yamuna rivers during the Maha Kumbh festival in Prayagraj. Millions of pilgrims took holy dips in the Sangam (confluence) despite a Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) report, filed February 3rd, revealing significantly elevated bacteria levels at various points along both rivers, particularly during the “Shahi Snan” (royal bath) days.

The CPCB report indicated that water quality failed to meet bathing standards for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and fecal coliform (FC) levels. Readings taken on January 12-13, even with sewage treatment plants operational, showed alarmingly high fecal coliform counts. For example, on February 4th (a day after Basant Panchami, a Shahi Snan day), levels reached 11,000 MPN/100ml in the Ganga before Shastri Bridge and 7,900 MPN/100ml at the Sangam itself. The Yamuna showed 4,900 MPN/100ml near the Old Naini Bridge before its confluence. The permissible limit is 2,500 MPN/100ml.

High fecal coliform levels, stemming from untreated sewage, indicate the presence of disease-causing pathogens like bacteria and viruses. Experts warn of increased risks of illnesses including typhoid, gastroenteritis, dysentery, skin infections, and other waterborne diseases. Dr. Atul Kakar, a senior consultant at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, stated that the current sanitation levels are inadequate, making the river water unsafe for bathing or consumption.

This contamination is not a new issue. A Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) report highlights the widespread lack of sewage treatment in India, linking untreated sewage to adverse health consequences, including diarrheal diseases and skin infections, particularly among farmers using contaminated water for irrigation. A study in Varanasi demonstrated high rates of parasitic infections among agricultural workers exposed to such water.

The NGT’s intervention underscores the urgent need for improved sanitation and wastewater management to protect public health and preserve the sanctity of these sacred rivers. The incident serves as a stark reminder of the ongoing challenges India faces in managing its sewage and ensuring access to safe water.

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