A recent study has confirmed that the Y chromosome, which determines male sex in humans, is shrinking due to genetic decay, raising concerns about the future of human reproduction. However, research on spiny rats suggests that humans may evolve a new male-determining gene to adapt to this change. The disappearance of the Y chromosome could lead to the evolution of different sex-determining systems in various regions, potentially creating multiple human species. While the future of the Y chromosome is uncertain, evolution might provide a solution to ensure human survival.