Sat Jan 10 00:00:00 UTC 2026: ### Headline: IIT-Madras Study Links Aerosol Pollution to Intensified Winter Fog Over Indo-Gangetic Plain

The Story

A new study published in Science Advances on January 9, 2026, by researchers at IIT-Madras has found a direct correlation between aerosol pollution and the thickness and persistence of winter fog over the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Using 15 years of data from the CALIPSO satellite, the research demonstrates that increased aerosol loading above fog layers leads to thicker fog with larger water droplets, exacerbating the familiar winter hazard. The study highlights a self-strengthening cycle where pollutants fuel fog, which in turn traps pollution, leading to worsened air quality, impacting aviation, and disrupting daily life.

Key Points

  • Research conducted by IIT-Madras using CALIPSO satellite data spanning 15 years.
  • Study found a link between aerosol loading above fog layers and the thickening of fog.
  • On more polluted days, the fog layer was approximately 17% thicker.
  • Increased aerosol loading resulted in larger water droplets near the top of the fog layer.
  • Weather models suggest a self-strengthening cycle where more pollutants lead to more fog droplets and heat, causing the fog to mix upwards.
  • Study corresponding author Chandan Sarangi emphasizes the need to tackle air pollution to clear skies, improve health, and energize the economy.

Key Takeaways

  • The study provides concrete evidence of the impact of air pollution on the intensity and duration of winter fog in the Indo-Gangetic Plain.
  • The findings underscore the urgency of addressing air pollution in the region to mitigate its effects on public health, transportation, and the economy.
  • Further research is needed to better understand the complex interactions between aerosols, fog, and weather patterns, particularly concerning the “semi-direct” effect of soot.

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