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Sudan’s Civil War Fuels Displacement Crisis, Resource Control Battle

KHARTOUM – Sudan’s ongoing civil war, now entering its third year, is not only creating the world’s largest displacement crisis, with over 9.5 million people forced from their homes, but also intensifying the fight for control over the nation’s vital resources. The conflict, pitting the Sudanese army against the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), has crippled the country’s economy and exacerbated food insecurity, with millions facing starvation.

The army currently holds key areas in the north and east, including the capital Khartoum and the strategic Port Sudan, while the RSF has strengthened its hold over the Darfur region after capturing el-Fasher. The battle for resources, including oil, gold, and agricultural land, is fueling the conflict.

Sudan is a major exporter of crude oil, sesame seeds, and gum arabic. Oil, primarily extracted near the South Sudan border, is transported via pipelines to the Bashayer export terminal near Port Sudan. Gold mines are scattered across the northeast, center, and south, with the army controlling eastern deposits and the RSF dominating central and southwestern areas.

In 2023, Sudan’s main exports were crude oil ($1.13bn), gold ($1.03bn), and animal products ($902m). Despite the conflict, gold production has surged, with much of it being exported to the UAE. Control over these resources has become a crucial source of funding for both sides.

The fertile lands along the Nile River remain a vital agricultural area, though controlled by the armed forces. Rangelands, crucial for animal husbandry, are divided between the army and the RSF. The conflict is disrupting agricultural production and trade, further worsening the humanitarian situation.

With the conflict showing no signs of abating, the battle for Sudan’s resources is expected to continue, further destabilizing the region and hindering efforts to alleviate the humanitarian crisis.

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