Mon Oct 06 16:20:00 UTC 2025: Here’s a news article summarizing the Nobel Prize announcement, based on the provided text:
**Headline: Immune Tolerance Pioneers Win 2025 Nobel Prize in Medicine**
**Stockholm, Sweden – October 6, 2025** – Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi have been awarded the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their groundbreaking discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance, the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet announced today.
Their work has fundamentally reshaped our understanding of how the immune system distinguishes between foreign invaders and the body’s own tissues. The laureates identified and characterized regulatory T cells, the “security guards” of the immune system, which prevent autoimmune attacks.
Sakaguchi’s initial discovery in 1995 challenged the prevailing belief that immune tolerance was solely established in the thymus. He identified a novel class of immune cells responsible for preventing autoimmune diseases. Brunkow and Ramsdell, in 2001, identified the Foxp3 gene and its critical role in immune regulation. They linked mutations in this gene to severe autoimmune disorders, like IPEX. Sakaguchi later connected these findings, demonstrating that the Foxp3 gene controls the development and function of the regulatory T cells he discovered.
“Their discoveries have been decisive for our understanding of how the immune system functions and why we do not all develop serious autoimmune diseases,” said Olle Kämpe, chair of the Nobel Committee.
The laureates’ work has catalyzed the field of peripheral tolerance, paving the way for the development of new treatments for autoimmune diseases, cancer, and transplant rejection. Several of these treatments are currently undergoing clinical trials.
Mary E. Brunkow is a Senior Program Manager at the Institute for Systems Biology in Seattle, USA. Fred Ramsdell is a Scientific Advisor at Sonoma Biotherapeutics in San Francisco, USA. Shimon Sakaguchi is a Distinguished Professor at the Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan.
The Nobel Prize consists of 11 million Swedish kronor, to be shared equally among the laureates. The official award ceremony will be held in Stockholm in December.
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