Mon Aug 18 05:10:00 UTC 2025: Okay, here’s a news article summarizing the provided text, focusing on its relevance to the UPSC CSE Mains 2025 exam:

**Headline: UPSC CSE Mains 2025: Focus on Key Topics for Success – Operation Swift Retort, Simultaneous Elections, Economic Reforms, Gaganyaan Mission, and Judicial Reforms**

**New Delhi:** With the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) Civil Services Mains Examination 2025 scheduled from August 22nd to 29th, aspirants are in the crucial final revision phase. Given the dynamic and broad nature of General Studies Paper II and Paper III, focusing on key topics is essential for maximizing scores. Experts suggest prioritizing five critical areas: Operation Swift Retort, Simultaneous Elections, Economic Reforms, Gaganyaan Mission and Judicial Reforms.

**Operation Swift Retort:** Following the recent terror attack in Pahalgam on May 7th, 2025, the armed forces launched Operation Swift Retort, targeting nine terror launchpads across the Line of Control (LoC). Precision strikes by the Air Force, naval dominance, and successful infiltration prevention by the BSF highlight the operation’s success. The UPSC could delve into the role of structural reforms like the creation of the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS), Department of Military Affairs (DMA), and Integrated Theatre Commands in enabling the operation’s effectiveness.

**Simultaneous Elections:** The concept of holding simultaneous Lok Sabha and State Assembly elections, a practice that occurred from 1951 to 1967, is back in the spotlight. A high-level committee report in 2024 proposed a roadmap for conducting “One Nation, One Election.” The UPSC can analyze the potential benefits, including reduced expenditure, improved administrative efficiency, and greater policy stability.

**Economic Reforms:** The government’s recent economic initiatives are another vital area. Key highlights include zero tax on annual income up to ₹12.75 lakh, increased guarantee cover for MSMEs from ₹5 crore to ₹10 crore, and the establishment of 50,000 Atal Tinkering Labs and AI Centers of Excellence. The expansion of social security through E-Shram cards and healthcare for gig workers is also significant.

**Gaganyaan Mission:** India’s ambitious space program is a key area of focus. The first human-crewed mission, Gaganyaan, is targeted for early 2027. Four Indian Air Force pilots have completed their training. Future goals include establishing an Indian Space Station by 2035 and landing a human on the Moon by 2040.

**Judicial Reforms:** The National Mission for Justice Delivery and Legal Reforms, active since 2011, has significantly expanded court infrastructure. The number of court halls has risen from 15,818 in 2014 to 22,372 in 2025. The e-Courts project has digitized 18,735 courts, and Fast Track Courts and ePOCSO courts have resolved lakhs of cases.

By thoroughly revising these topics, candidates can enhance their chances of success in the UPSC CSE Mains 2025 examination. Good luck.

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