Tue Jul 15 10:00:00 UTC 2025: Okay, here’s a news article summarizing the text provided:

**Indian Astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla Returns to Earth After Historic ISS Mission**

**KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLORIDA –** Indian astronaut Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla has successfully completed his 18-day mission to the International Space Station (ISS) and returned safely to Earth. Shukla launched aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from Kennedy Space Center on June 25, 2025, as part of Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4). His mission marks a significant milestone for India’s space program, providing invaluable experience for future endeavors, including the upcoming Gaganyaan mission.

During his time aboard the ISS, Shukla participated in a wide array of activities, including scientific research, public outreach, and preparation for India’s Gaganyaan mission. He and his fellow crew members conducted approximately 60 experiments, with seven specifically designed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

**Groundbreaking Research in Space:**

Shukla’s research focused on several key areas:

* **Muscle Loss in Microgravity:** Shukla studied the effects of microgravity on muscle degradation, seeking to develop preventative measures relevant to both space travel and conditions like osteoporosis on Earth.
* **Tardigrade Resilience:** He investigated the survival and adaptation of tardigrades (microscopic animals) in the extreme environment of space, potentially unlocking insights for long-duration space missions.
* **Seed Germination and Growth:** Shukla sprouted seeds like fenugreek and mung beans in space to analyze their genetics, microbial changes, and nutritional value, exploring the possibilities of cultivating crops in space.
* **Cyanobacteria and Microalgae Studies:** He studied the growth and activity of cyanobacteria and microalgae as potential sources of oxygen, fuel, and food for future lunar or Martian bases.
* **Crop Seed Research:** He researched 6 types of crop seeds to observe how they grow in space. Later, the seeds will be grown for several generations to understand genetic modifications.
* **Voyager Display:** Shukla researched how the usage of a computer screen affects the eyes and brain in microgravity.

In addition to these experiments, Shukla also conducted research on bone health, radiation exposure, and mental well-being, all of which have implications for both astronaut safety and terrestrial medical treatments.

**Connecting with Earth:**

Beyond the scientific contributions, Shukla actively engaged with the public. He held a video call with Prime Minister Narendra Modi on June 28th, sharing his experiences and impressions of space. He also participated in amateur radio conversations with schoolchildren on July 4th and 8th, describing life in space and emphasizing the borderless perspective gained from orbit.

**Preparing for Gaganyaan:**

Shukla’s mission served as a crucial training exercise for India’s upcoming Gaganyaan mission, scheduled to launch in 2027. He gained firsthand experience in living, working, and responding to potential emergencies in the space environment, knowledge that will be directly applicable to the Gaganyaan crew.

Shukla’s daily routine aboard the ISS was packed with experiments, data collection, and teamwork. He also adapted to the challenges of eating, sleeping, and exercising in microgravity. His zero-gravity indicator, a small toy swan named “Joy,” served as a constant reminder of the unique environment.

Shukla’s successful mission represents a major step forward for India’s space program and promises to contribute significantly to future space exploration and scientific advancements.

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