Sat Apr 12 15:30:00 UTC 2025: ## Indian Scientists Link Russell’s Viper Venom Variation to Climate
**Bengaluru, India – April 13, 2025** – A groundbreaking study by researchers at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) has revealed a direct link between the climate and the venom composition of Russell’s viper, a highly venomous snake responsible for a significant number of deaths in India. The research, published in the journal *PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases*, demonstrates that regional variations in temperature and rainfall significantly impact the venom’s toxicity.
The study analyzed venom samples from 115 Russell’s vipers collected across 34 locations in India. Researchers found that protease activity in the venom, a key enzyme affecting the severity of snake bites, showed the strongest correlation with climate. Snakes from drier regions exhibited higher protease activity.
Using this data, the scientists created venom maps predicting the type and toxicity of venom across the snake’s range in India. This allows for more targeted treatment strategies based on the geographical location of the bite.
“This is the first time the influence of abiotic factors like temperature, humidity, and rainfall on Russell’s viper venom has been demonstrated,” said Dr. Kartik Sunagar, corresponding author of the study. “Our venom maps can guide the deployment of targeted therapies and improve clinical treatment outcomes.”
The findings offer a critical advancement in snake bite management in India, where Russell’s viper accounts for over 40% of snake bite fatalities annually. The ability to predict venom characteristics based on local climate promises to significantly improve the effectiveness of antivenom treatment and save lives.
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