Sat Dec 07 10:16:00 UTC 2024: ## Syria’s Civil War Reignited: HTS Launches Offensive, Raising Regional Concerns

**BEIRUT, Syria** – Syria is facing a renewed surge in violence as Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), a Sunni Salafi militant group, launched a major offensive, seizing key cities Aleppo and Hama. This escalation marks a significant setback to the fragile peace that had prevailed in the country for the past five years, following a devastating 13-year civil war.

The HTS offensive, beginning November 27th, 2024, has triggered fears of a wider conflict. The group, which emerged from the ashes of al-Qaeda affiliate al-Nusra Front, has reportedly formed a coalition with other Sunni rebel groups and is aiming to capture Homs and eventually threaten Damascus. Simultaneously, Kurdish and Druze groups have also challenged the central government, exploiting the situation.

Syria’s complex ethnic and sectarian landscape – with a Sunni majority and significant Shia, Druze, and Christian populations – has fueled instability for centuries. The Assad regime, led by the Alawite Shia family, has survived largely due to support from Russia, Iran, and Hezbollah. However, the regime’s tenuous hold on power is now seriously threatened.

The HTS offensive follows a pattern of recurring Sunni Salafist uprisings in Syria over the past two decades, including the rise of al-Qaeda and ISIS. While HTS has attempted to present a more moderate image than its predecessors, it remains designated a terrorist organization by the UN and several Western countries. Reports suggest it receives backing from Ankara and Doha.

The outcome of the current conflict remains uncertain. President Bashar al-Assad’s forces, while battle-hardened, are facing a formidable challenge. The conflict’s trajectory hinges on the ability of both sides to maintain cohesion and secure continued support from their respective sponsors. A major battle is anticipated for control of the central highlands around Hama and Homs.

The situation in Syria has implications far beyond its borders. The conflict could destabilize the region, affecting vital interests of countries such as India, with its large expatriate population in the Gulf and strong ties to the Syrian Christian community. Moreover, the resurgence of extremist groups could inspire further radicalization globally. The international community is watching closely, concerned about the potential for a wider regional conflict and the humanitarian crisis that could ensue.

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