Mon Nov 25 10:56:17 UTC 2024: ## Indian Study Reveals Pervasive Stigma and Discrimination Against Transwomen

**CHENNAI, INDIA – November 25, 2024** – A new study published in *Wellcome Open Research* reveals the widespread stigma, discrimination, and violence faced by transwomen in India, despite legal protections and some government initiatives. Researchers from The George Institute for Global Health, along with global collaborators, conducted focused group discussions and interviews with 30 transwomen in Kolkata.

The study identified three forms of stigma: self-directed stigma stemming from societal rejection; interpersonal stigma, including violence and hatred from cisgender individuals; and structural stigma, such as institutional discrimination. The research found that stigma often begins in childhood, with family rejection leading to low self-esteem and educational setbacks. Many transwomen are forced into survival sex work or begging due to lack of opportunities.

The study highlighted significant harassment from police and hospital staff, deterring transwomen from seeking help or medical care. While some found support and empowerment within transwomen communities and support groups, particularly within traditional hijra gharanas, internal hierarchies within these groups also contributed to stress and exploitation.

Public spaces presented further challenges, with widespread discrimination in transportation and a lack of basic facilities like gender-neutral restrooms. Healthcare discrimination was a major issue, with mistreatment from staff and lack of understanding hindering access to necessary care. This resulted in significant mental health consequences, including depression, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts.

The study emphasizes the urgent need for mental health interventions targeting transwomen in India, particularly given the current lack of research in this area. Researchers also stress the importance of including transgender representatives in policy formulation and creating safe spaces for the community. The authors call for increased sensitization training for teachers, healthcare professionals, police, and other stakeholders to combat prejudice and improve responses to the needs of transgender individuals.

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